Why Does Getting Water Up Your Nose Hurt So Much?

The main reason why water burns when it goes up your nose is because the salinity of the water does not match the salinity of the cells in your body. The salinity of freshwater is much lower than your body, so when water gets into your nose and into your sinuses, some of the cells that line the sinus and nasal cavities burst open and die because they rapidly suck in water - like overfilling a water balloon. Your body responds by rapidly secreting mucus to coat the remaining cells and protect them from the water. This whole thing involves three steps: (1) osmosis of water into the nasal cells; (2) many cells burst (cell lysis), and (3) the [response of] releasing mucus.

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